Directorios

FÍSICA

 

	200 Years Experimental Physics
		University of Innsbruck. «...collection of historical physical instruments from the beginning of the experimental physics at the University of Innsbruck - starting with the first purchase of instruments in 1763 - to the year 1963. The exhibits give a review on 200 years of physics, showing the development of the experimental physics in Innsbruck from the 'Armarium' to the 'Physikalische Cabinet', he 'Physikalische Institut' and today's 'Institut für Experimentalphysik'.» Australia

	Albert Einstein: Image and Impact
		American Institute of Physics. The Center for History of Physics. «Albert Einstein was born to a middle-class German family of Jewish ancestry. His parents were concerned that he scarcely talked until the age of three, but he was not so much a backward as a quiet child. He would build tall houses of cards and hated playing soldier. At the age of twelve he was fascinated by a geometry book.» Alemania EEUU - inglés

	Album Fotografico Museo del Dipartimento di Fisica
		Università "La Sapienza" Roma. Italia

	Alien Worlds
		PBS NOVA Online. «Our hunt for other worlds will find them--or exclude their existence--only after continued growth in our hunting skills, bigger telescopes, better precision spectrography, more exact study of wobbly images, and maybe new ideas. But it is worthwhile recounting the steps we could and did take to arrive here.» EEUU - inglés

	Amusement park physics
		Learner.org «How do physics laws affect amusement park ride design? In this exhibit, you'll have a chance to find out by designing your own roller coaster.» EEUU - inglés

	An Introduction to Polarizing Light Microscopy
		Janet L. Schrenk and John L. Bordley, University of the South. «This page will guide you through the basics of polarizing light microscopy, in particular as it pertains to the identification of pigments.» EEUU - inglés

	Andrei Sakharov: Soviet Physics, Nuclear Weapons and Human Rights
		American Institute of Physics. The Center for History of Physics. «ndrei Sakharov (1921-1989) was a Soviet physicist who became, in the words of the Nobel Peace Committee, a spokesman for the conscience of mankind. He was fascinated by fundamental physics and cosmology, but first he spent two decades designing nuclear weapons. He came to be regarded as the father of the Soviet hydrogen bomb, contributing perhaps more than anyone else to the military might of the USSR. But gradually Sakharov became one of the regime’s most courageous critics, a defender of human rights and democracy. He could not be silenced, and helped bring down one of history’s most powerful dictatorships. This exhibit tells about Sakharov’s extraordinary life.» Rusia

	As Sombras do Tempo
		Universidade de Lisboa. Departamento de Matemática «As Sombras do Tempo" é uma iniciativa da responsabilidade do projecto Matemática em Acção do Centro de Matemática e Aplicações Fundamentais da Universidade de Lisboa, que se dedica ao estudo dos relógios de sol e se propõe contribuir para um levantamento e classificação dos exemplares existentes em Portugal. Além do interesse histórico e arquitectónico associado aos relógios de sol, capaz de entusiasmar um vasto público, a sua construção envolve aspectos ligados à matemática e à astronomia que potenciam aplicações interessantes para os vários níveis de ensino, em especial para os ensinos básico e secundário. O projecto "As Sombras do Tempo" pretende desenvolver a interacção entre os vários níveis de ensino, tão necessária para fomentar a comunicação e divulgação da ciência. Ao contribuir para o levantamento e classificação dos relógios de sol de Portugal, este projecto pretende também colaborar na defesa do património nacional e na reabilitação destes monumentos, alguns deles votados ao abandono no decurso das últimas décadas.» Portugal

	Auroras. Paintings in the Sky
		Exploratorium. The museum of science, art and human perception. «This site will show you what auroras look like on Earth and from space, explain how they are created, and show you where they can be found.» EEUU - inglés

	Calendars From the Sky
		Institute for Dynamic Educational Advancement (IDEA). «Explore the fascinating history of the human endeavor to organize our lives in accordance with the sun and stars.» «Calendars are normally based on astronomical events, and the two most important astronomical objects are the sun and the moon. Their cycles are very important in the construction and understanding of calendars.» EEUU - inglés

	Capturing Time: The New York Times Capsule
		American Museum of Natural History. Explores «...different concepts of time and the history of time capsules. The exhibition featured the "Times Capsule" -- a 5' x 5' x 5' sculpture of welded stainless steel designed by Santiago Calatrava, a renowned architect-engineer from Valencia, Spain. Santiago Calatrava's capsule design was chosen in an international design competition launched by The New York Times Magazine that attracted some of the foremost names in architecture, design, and engineering from 12 countries. The competition sought the best design for a capsule to preserve key artifacts from today for the next 1,000 years: a design that would be both a work of art and serve as an ambassador to future generations. Since the exhibition closed, the Times Capsule has be given a permanent home at the Museum.» EEUU - inglés

	Causes of Color
		Institute for Dynamic Educational Advancement (IDEA). «Scholars have learned that all the colors in the universe originate from a mere fifteen fundamental physical causes. These causes appear over and over, lending color to the world around us. Some common causes seem logical -- for example, both light bulbs and candles are colored by incandescence -- and others are surprising -- did you know that the colors of peacock feathers and bubbles are both caused by interference?» EEUU - inglés

	Complexity
		Exploratorium. The museum of science, art and human perception. «This site attempts to place the idea of complexity in nature into a broader scientific context, and to provide newcomers to the field with an introduction to the concepts and theories that contribute to contemporary complexity research.» EEUU - inglés

	Coulomnb's Contribution to Electrostatics
		Universitá degli Studi di Pavia. «One of the most famous laws of electrostatics is Coulomb’s Law. It is in all Physics books. It is usually presented as a result of experiments and a further proof of Newton’s Law of Gravity. Indeed Coulomb’s Law is very much like Newton’s. But can we really state that it is the result of experiments and that the action at a distance model is confirmed? To provide an answer, the two articles (of 1785 and 1787) are here reproduced, in which Coulomb explains the "law". We have made a 3D reconstruction of the two instruments invented and used by the French scientist: the torsion balance and the electric pendulum.. You are offered the possibility of making a quantitative simulation of Coulomb’s experiments.» Italia

	Doomsday asteroid
		PBS NOVA Online. «The image of Comet Hale-Bopp blazing across the night sky of 1997 has delighted casual stargazers and astronomers alike. It was first spotted in July 1995 by Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp, who observed it the same night in neighboring states (New Mexico and Arizona, respectively). Astronomers immediately became excited about the comet because it appeared to be unusually bright -- even when it was still well outside Jupiter's orbit.» EEUU - inglés

	Earth from Space
		«The NASA Space Shuttle Earth Observations Photography database of images is a national treasure. We are publishing these selected photos and related captions on the Internet to provide a glimpse of this national treasure to the public. This database was compiled by our staff to illustrate some very interesting Earth features and processes, including cities as seen by our Astronauts from space. Earth from Space provides several ways to search the selected images. Each image is available in three resolutions and includes cataloging data and a caption. However, this site contains only a small selection of the best of our Earth photography...» EEUU - inglés Internacional

	Einstein
		Organized by the American Museum of Natural History, New York; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; and the Skirball Cultural Center, Los Angeles. «He was daring, wildly ingenious, passionately curious. He saw a beam of light and imagined riding it; he looked up at the sky and envisioned that space-time was curved. Albert Einstein reinterpreted the inner workings of nature, the very essence of light, time, energy and gravity. His insights fundamentally changed the way we look at the universe—and made him the most famous scientist of the 20th century.» EEUU - inglés

	Einstein Revealed
		PBS NOVA Online. «...a penetrating profile of Albert Einstein, who contributed more than any other scientist to our modern vision of physical reality.» Alemania EEUU - inglés

	Electronic Music
		Canada Science and Technology Museum. «This collection profile describes electronic and electrical musical instruments in the Museum's collection. Electrical devices have been used to build musical instruments since the 1890s when electricity was first widely available for residential use. Many of the instruments in the collection are the work of Hugh Le Caine, Canadian physicist, inventor, composer and pioneer in the design of electronic instruments.» Canadá

	Emilio Segrè Visual Archives
		American Institute of Physics. The Center for History of Physics. «A collection of some 25,000 historical photographs, slides, lithographs, engravings, and other visual materials, the Emilio Segrè Visual Archives is part of the Niels Bohr Library of the Center for History of Physics at the American Institute of Physics. The collection focuses on American physicists and astronomers of the twentieth century, but includes many scientists in Europe and elsewhere, in other fields related to physics, and in earlier times.» EEUU - inglés

	Evangelista Torricelli
		Institute and Museum of History of Science. Edited by Egidio Festa. «There are four different lines of research evident in the works of Torricelli, which cover almost all the subjects treated by Galileo, with the exception of astronomy. In the first - Geometry - Torricelli obtained remarkable results, in particular the quadrature of the cycloid curve and the cubature of the hyperboloid of revolution (acute hyperbolic solid). He was the first to use "curved indivisibles", contributing in this way to the "method of indivisibles" introduced into geometry by Bonaventura Cavalieri. The close scientific collaboration between the two outstanding mathematicians, also extremely close friends, is documented by a rich scientific correspondence. The second direction of research, to maintain this system of classification, consists of the application of geometry to the study of motion. The barometric experiment, which led to the invention of the mercury barometer, and the development of techniques for producing telescope lenses are two final directions of research in which Torricelli demonstrated an ability comparable to that of a skilled artisan.» Italia

	Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere
		An educational web site by David P. Stern and Mauricio Peredo. NASA. «Ever since the launch of the first Sputnik in 1957, space exploration has advanced on two fronts, manned and unmanned. The manned missions are well known--from Mercury, Gemini and Apollo, to the Space Shuttle and the proposed Space Station Freedom. Millions have watched "Apollo 13" or "The Right Stuff." In contrast, the exploration of space by unmanned spacecraft has remained almost invisible. The world applauded in 1958, when Explorers 1 and 3 discovered the radiation belt, but the many missions which followed are virtually unknown.» EEUU - inglés

	Eye On The Universe: The Hubble Space Telescope
		The Tech Museum of Innovation. «The Hubble Space Telescope is a national asset. Scientists all over the world use the orbiting observatory to get a view of the universe that they can't get any other way.» EEUU - inglés

	Galvani, Luigi
		Universitá degli Studi di Pavia, Dipartimento di Fisica A. Volta. «Le ricerche più importanti di Galvani furono quelle nel campo dell´elettrofisiologia, che Galvani intraprese nel 1780, o forse prima, condusse per una decina d´anni, e riassunse nel famoso Commentarius de viribus electricitatis in motu musculari.» Italia

	Hubble. A View to the Edge of Space
		Exploratorium. The museum of science, art and human perception. «When Hubble looks out into space, it looks back in time. And the images it brings to us of the past have changed the way we think about the origins of the universe.» EEUU - inglés

	Inventaire des instruments scientifiques anciens
		Institut National de Recherche Pédagogique. Service d'Histoire de l'Éducation. «Un travail de repérage et d’inventaire des matériels scientifiques anciens, conservés dans les établissements scolaires, a été entrepris depuis plusieurs années. Ce projet soutenu par l’INRP, consiste en un repérage systématique des appareils, puis à leur description au moyen de photographies et de descriptions muséographiques complètes, sur le modèle de ce qui est présenté ci-dessous.» Francia

	L'Observatoire de Camille Flammarion
		Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication. Musées imaginaries. «Camille Flammarion, né en 1842 à Montigny-le-Roi (Haute-Marne) et mort en 1925 à Juvisy sur Orge (Essonne), est le fondateur de l’Observatoire privé de Juvisy et de la Société astronomique de France en 1887.» Francia

	Lasers: From Science Fiction to Everyday Life
		The Tech Museum of Innovation. «Lasers are usually thought of as being futuristic; used only in science or as part of "outer space." But lasers are everywhere nowadays. Lasers are used to communicate, to determine how far away things are, to be able to record and retrieve information, and to fix not only machines but the human body as well.» EEUU - inglés

	Lawrence and the Cyclotron
		American Institute of Physics. The Center for History of Physics. «Ernest O. Lawrence (1901-1958) helped elevate American physics to world leadership. His invention of the cyclotron, an accelerator of subatomic particles, won him the Nobel Prize in 1939. His entrepreneurial development of the Radiation Laboratory at Berkeley ushered in the era of “Big Science.”» EEUU - inglés

	Le Ciel et la Terre
		Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Expositions Virtuelles. «Du manuscrit médiéval enluminé à la photographie de mirage gravitationnel, plus de 200 pièces originales révèlent les interrogations, les conceptions et les représentations des hommes de tous les temps sur l’univers et sa création, dans leurs dimensions historique, imaginaire et philosophique. L’exposition accompagne le visiteur dans une grande promenade jalonnée par des documents de toutes les époques, anciennes et moderne, et mettant en scène une aventure où la science et l’imaginaire se côtoient.» L'Atlas Catalan Atlas e Globes. L'astronomie des Césars Francia

	Made to Measure
		Scientific Instruments in the University of Dundee Museum Collections. «From the earliest days of empirical science (scientific investigation by observation and experiment) there has been a need for methods and apparatus to measure different quantities and qualities. Standards have been developed internationally and great ingenuity displayed in the production of a vast range of instruments of many kinds. Internationally recognised standard measures are of great use.» Reino Unido

	Make a Splash With Color
		The Tech Museum of Innovation. «Light comes to our eyes in different ways. Sometimes it comes directly from things like a TV. Other times it comes from things like the sun bouncing off the grass and trees. Even other times light gets to our eyes and changes color after it passes through something like our sunglasses.» EEUU - inglés

	Microwaves: From Your Kitchen to the Edges of the Universe
		IEEE Virtual Museum. «Old as the universe, new as the latest space satellite. Something you use every day, but something you’ve never seen. We’re talking about microwaves. You probably think a microwave is what you use to heat your dinner or make popcorn. That’s actually a microwave oven, or an oven that uses microwaves to generate heat. But what are microwaves?» EEUU - inglés

	Moments of Discovery
		American Institute of Physics. The Center for History of Physics. «Moments of Discovery tells the story of two scientific discoveries in the scientists' own words. (You can read the text or hear their actual voices.) The discovery of nuclear fission was a momentous and complex sequence of events where many famous scientists interacted with each other and the world at large. The detection of the first optical pulsar shows the work of a few scientists on a much finer, more personal scale, following moment by moment as an important discovery unfolded. Teachers' guides offer supplementary materials and ideas for classroom use.» EEUU - inglés

	Multimedia edition of Galileo's Notes on Motion
		Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence; Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Florence; Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin. «Galileo's notes on motion and mechanics document his work on mechanical problems over a period of more than forty years. The manuscript consists of more than 300 pages. They contain numerous short texts in Latin and Italian, representing sketches of proofs, but also extended drafts intended for publication, calculations, tables of calculated numbers, diagrams, and even some documents pertaining to experiments performed by Galileo. The manuscript is considered the essential source of information on the intellectual route followed by Galileo in achieving the insights he submitted in the Discorsi.» Italia

	Museo Experimental de Ciencias
		Municipalidad de Rosario. Secretaría de Cultura y Educación. «Es el primer museo experimental de ciencias del país y se diferencia de los museos tradicionales por disponer de equipos, instrumentos y aparatos demostrativos de las leyes de la naturaleza, que pueden ser empleados por el público en general de forma interactiva. Visitantes de todas las edades pueden observar por microscopio y telescopio, experimentar con láser, mezcladoras de sonido, computadoras y una gran variedad de aparatos de física y química. En forma complementaria se exponen paneles con fotografías y textos explicativos de Matemática e Informática, Física y Tecnología, Geología, Astronomía, Química y Biología. Se desarrolla una extensa actividad de difusión cultural.» Argentina

	Museo Mecánico Virtual
		Universidad de Jaén. Escuela Universitaria Politécnica de Linares. «En el Museo Mecánico Virtual se han incluido 46 aparatos antiguos de las áreas de mecánica y mecánica de fluidos, que son propiedad de la E.U.P. de Linares, y que se conservan actualmente en el laboratorio del Departamento de Física de este centro. Estos aparatos constituyen una parte del instrumental científico antiguo de física que, desde hace algunos años, llevan siendo objeto de un estudio encaminado a su clasificación, recuperación y análisis de sus posibilidades didácticas. Digamos que la colección que aquí se presenta cabe considerarla como una muestra menor, ya que en conjunto se cuentan más de 200 aparatos e instrumentos antiguos de física.» Editado por José Alberto Maroto Centeno. España

	Museo Storico della Fisica
		Centro Fermi. «L'obiettivo primario della nostra Istituzione è di dare vita a ciò che il più grande scienziato galileiano del XX secolo, Enrico Fermi, avrebbe voluto realizzare in Italia: un Centro di Studi e Ricerche alle frontiere delle conoscenze scientifiche. Fermi lavorava sulle interazioni di una particella appena scoperta, il neutrone, ed è con questa nuova particella che riuscì ad aprire orizzonti nuovi nella Scienza galileiana. La sua invenzione della tecnica per "rallentare" i neutroni e la formulazione della Teoria delle Forze Deboli sono due contributi eccezionali al progresso scientifico e tecnologico del XX secolo.» Italia

	Museo de Astronomía y Geofísica
		«... tiene como función la recuperación, protección, conservación y difusión del patrimonio de la Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofisícas . El Museo de Astronomía y Geofísica forma parte de la Red de Museos de La UNLP.» Argentina

	Museo de Física
		Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Departamento de Física. Argentina

	Museo de Historia Natural José Vilet Brullet
		«Se inicia el recorrido con un Planetario, que presenta los Planetas con iluminación y su orden respecto a el Sol. A continuación se presenta en otra sala una amplia colección de Minerales (Más de 350). Colección de fosiles. Se exhiben unos Dioramas con las celulas Animales y Vegetales ampliadas 50 000 veces. Un Diorama de la Ley de Mendel, Las Plantas benéficas y las perjudiciales, etc... El hombre tiene una parte primordial en la exhibición, hay tres cráneos perfectas copias del Pithecantropus erectus, el Hombre de Neathertal y el Homo-Sapiens,... Hay animales abiertos y mostrando sus partes internas en Formol, con sus órganos numerados y una guía para identificarlos, Hay presentados de ésta manera, una Rata, un Conejo y una Paloma. Se presenta una gallina tamaño Natural partida a la mitad y con una explicación de dónde ingiere sus alimentos, el Buche, estómago, intestinos, Cloaca con un huevo, etc... Hay una colección de huevos de aves que van del diminuto Colibrí, hasta el huevo del Avestruz. Los parásitos como lombrices, giardia lambia, solitaria, nemátodos, etc...se presentan de tamaño natural con una explicación de dónde provienen y lo peligroso que son para el organismo humano. Se presenta una exhibición de 180 insectos, en la cual se incluyen mariposas y de varias partes del Mundo. Las diferentes formas de moluscos y conchas de más de 100 diferentes ejemplares. Unas vértebras de Hombre, Ballena y elefante dan una clara idea de las dimensiones de los seres vivos.» México

	Museo del Dipartimento di Fisica
		Università "La Sapienza" Roma. «La storia dell'insegnamento superiore della fisica a Roma, almeno fino al 1870, è strettamente intrecciata con la storia dei papi e della loro politica culturale. Fino al Settecento si sviluppò in modo significativo tra lo Studium Urbis e gli istituti confessionali, primo fra tutti il Collegio Romano, che rappresentavano, in qualche misura, il pensiero laico da un lato e la tradizione religiosa dall'altro, per poi seguire le vicende dell'Università La Sapienza di Roma.» Italia

	Museo della Specola
		Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Astronomia. «Il Museo della Specola ha così la caratteristica di illustrare lo sviluppo e l'evoluzione della strumentazione astronomica nell'arco di oltre un secolo, dai primi inizi del Settecento fino all'Ottocento inoltrato. La storia di questi strumenti può essere seguita in dettaglio attraverso i numerosi inventari esistenti e le annotazioni riportate nei registri di osservazione della Specola, nonché nei documenti conservati presso l'Archivio del Dipartimento di Astronomia.» Italia

	Museo di Fisica
		Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche. «La collezione di antichi strumenti del Museo del Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche dell'Università Federico II di Napoli è composta da un gran numero di strumenti di notevole valore storico e in buono stato di conservazione. Attraverso più di 600 strumenti catalogati e collocati in imponenti armadi ottocenteschi essa mostra lo sviluppo della strumentazione nella ricerca e nella didattica della fisica a Napoli a partire dai primi anni dell'800 fino agli inizi di questo secolo.» Italia

	Museo di Fisica "Anton Maria Traversi"
		Un Gabinetto di Fisica dell'800 in Venezia. Liceo Foscarini, Venezia. «La sezione "Vecchio Gabinetto di Fisica" è davvero singolare. Essa infatti ospita una corposa e preziosa collezione di strumenti scientifici, compresi tra la fine del '700 e gli inizi del '900 (fino al 1929), che regge molto bene il confronto con quelle delle Università. E' da un insieme ristretto di questa collezione di apparecchi che sono stati selezionati quelli esposti nel 1994 in occasione della mostra con titolo "Un gabinetto di Fisica dell'800 in Venezia" allestita nella biblioteca del Liceo.» Italia

	Museo di fisica e scienxe naturali del Liceo Mamiani Roma

	Museo per la Storia dell'Università di Pavia
		«Oggi la sezione di Fisica è articolata in due sale: il Gabinetto di Fisica di Alessandro Volta, inaugurato in occasione della giornata di apertura delle celebrazioni per il bicentenario dell’invenzione della pila (20 marzo 1999), e il Gabinetto di Fisica dell’Università che raccoglie gli strumenti ideati o acquistati dai successori di Volta sulla cattedra di Fisica.» «La sezione di medicina si articola in tre sale intitolate a grandi maestri della Medicina: l’anatomico Antonio Scarpa, il patologo chirurgo Luigi Porta, l’istologo e patologo Camillo Golgi.» Italia

	Museo virtual del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid
		«A lo largo de los más de doscientos años transcurridos desde su fundación, el Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (antes conocido como el Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid) ha adquirido una variedad de instrumentos para realizar sus actividades astronómicas, geodésicas y meteorológicas. Una muestra de tales instrumentos constituye este museo virtual.» España

	Museu de Ciência
		Universidade de Lisboa. «O Museu tem como objectivo contribuir para a generalização, no seio da população ? sobretudo jovem ? da literacia científica, isto é, da aquisição de uma cultura básica no domínio da Ciência, incluindo a natural utilização quotidiana do método científico no seu modo de pensar e de actuar. É constituido por uma Exposição permanente de Física, simultaneamente participativa e histórica, pelo Planetário, pelas Oficinas Pedagógicas e pelo Laboratório Chimico da Escola Politécnica.» Portugal

	Museu de Física da Universidade de Coimbra
		Universidade de Coimbra «O Gabinete de Física da Universidade de Coimbra foi criado pela Reforma Pombalina, materializando o pendor experimental da nova orientação académica que se enquadrava no espírito das luzes do séc. XVIII. No séc. XIX, no sentido de alinhar o ensino da Física pelos parâmetros que então se seguiam na Europa, o espólio do Gabinete de Física foi quantitativa e qualitativamente enriquecido. Pelas suas características, esta colecção de instrumentos é uma das mais notáveis e raras no mundo. Os instrumentos do séc. XVIII, que deram origem a um dos mais completos Gabinetes para o estudo da Física, são hoje consideradas verdadeiras obras de arte. Os instrumentos do séc. XIX são bem representativos do desenvolvimento da Física Experimental durante este século.» Portugal

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